# From the datetime module import date
from datetime import date
# Create a date object of 2000-02-03
date(2022, 2, 3)
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datetime.date(2022, 2, 3)
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# Create a date object of 2000-26-03
date(2000, 26, 3)
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---------------------------------------------------------------------------
ValueError                                Traceback (most recent call last)
Input In [2], in  
     1 # Create a date object of 2000-26-03
----> 2 date(2000, 26, 3)
ValueError: month must be in 1..12
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# From the datetime module import time
from datetime import time
# Create a time object of 05:35:02
time(5, 35, 2)
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datetime.time(5, 35, 2)
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# From the datetime module import datetime
from datetime import datetime
# Create a datetime object of 2000-02-03 05:35:02
datetime(2000, 2, 3, 5, 35, 2)
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datetime.datetime(2000, 2, 3, 5, 35, 2)
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datetime(year=2000, month=2, day=3, hour=5, minute=35, second=2)
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datetime.datetime(2000, 2, 3, 5, 35, 2)
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# Create a datetime object of 2000-02-03
datetime(2000, 2, 3)
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datetime.datetime(2000, 2, 3, 0, 0)
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# Time at the moment
now = datetime.now()
now
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datetime.datetime(2022, 8, 1, 0, 9, 39, 611254)
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today = date.today()
today
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datetime.date(2022, 8, 1)
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time(now.hour, now.minute, now.second)
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datetime.time(11, 33, 25)
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# isocalendar() returns a 3-item tuple with ISO year, week number, and weekday number
now.isocalendar()
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datetime.IsoCalendarDate(year=2022, week=7, weekday=1)
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# Access week number
week_number = now.isocalendar()[1]
week_number
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7
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# Convert a date string into a date object
date.fromisoformat("2022-12-31")
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datetime.date(2022, 12, 31)
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date.fromisoformat("2022-12-31 00:00:00")
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---------------------------------------------------------------------------
ValueError                                Traceback (most recent call last)
Input In [13], in  
----> 1 date.fromisoformat("2022-12-31 00:00:00")
ValueError: Invalid isoformat string: '2022-12-31 00:00:00'
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# Convert a datetime object into a string in the ISO format
date(2022, 12, 31).isoformat()
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'2022-12-31'
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# Date as a string
iso_date = "2022-12-31 23:59:58"
# ISO format
iso_format = "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"
# Convert the string into a datetime object
datetime.strptime(iso_date, iso_format)
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datetime.datetime(2022, 12, 31, 23, 59, 58)
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# European date as a string
european_date = "31-12-2022"
# European format
european_format = "%d-%m-%Y"
# Convert the string into a datetime object
datetime.strptime(european_date, european_format)
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datetime.datetime(2022, 12, 31, 0, 0)
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# Full month name date
full_month_date = "12 September 2022"
# Full month format
full_month_format = "%d %B %Y"
# Convert the string into a datetime object
datetime.strptime(full_month_date, full_month_format)
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datetime.datetime(2022, 9, 12, 0, 0)
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# Full month name date
full_month_date = "12 September 2022"
# Wrong format (missing space)
full_month_format = "%d%B %Y"
# Convert the string into a datetime object
datetime.strptime(full_month_date, full_month_format)
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---------------------------------------------------------------------------
ValueError                                Traceback (most recent call last)
Input In [18], in  
     5 full_month_format = "%d%B %Y"
     7 # Convert the string into a datetime object
----> 8 datetime.strptime(full_month_date, full_month_format)
File ~/coding/dataquest/articles/using-the-datetime-package/env/lib/python3.10/_strptime.py:568, in _strptime_datetime(cls, data_string, format)
   565 def _strptime_datetime(cls, data_string, format="%a %b %d %H:%M:%S %Y"):
   566     """Return a class cls instance based on the input string and the
   567     format string."""
--> 568     tt, fraction, gmtoff_fraction = _strptime(data_string, format)
   569     tzname, gmtoff = tt[-2:]
   570     args = tt[:6] + (fraction,)
File ~/coding/dataquest/articles/using-the-datetime-package/env/lib/python3.10/_strptime.py:349, in _strptime(data_string, format)
   347 found = format_regex.match(data_string)
   348 if not found:
--> 349     raise ValueError("time data %r does not match format %r" %
   350                      (data_string, format))
   351 if len(data_string) != found.end():
   352     raise ValueError("unconverted data remains: %s" %
   353                       data_string[found.end():])
ValueError: time data '12 September 2022' does not match format '%d%B %Y'
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# Create a datetime object
datetime_obj = datetime(2022, 12, 31)
# American date format
american_format = "%m-%d-%Y"
# European format
european_format = "%d-%m-%Y"
# American date string
print(f"American date string: {datetime.strftime(datetime_obj, american_format)}.")
# European date string
print(f"European date string: {datetime.strftime(datetime_obj, european_format)}.")
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American date string: 12-31-2022.
European date string: 31-12-2022.
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full_month = "%B %d, %Y"
datetime.strftime(datetime_obj, full_month)
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'December 31, 2022'
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datetime_obj = datetime(2022, 12, 31, 23, 59, 59)
full_datetime = "%B %d, %Y %H:%M:%S"
datetime_obj.strftime(full_datetime)
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'December 31, 2022 23:59:59'
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# Extract the weekday name of December 31
weekday_format = "%A"
for year in range(2022, 2026):
   print(f"Weekday of December 31, {year} is {date(year, 12, 31).strftime(weekday_format)}.")
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Weekday of December 31, 2022 is Saturday.
Weekday of December 31, 2023 is Sunday.
Weekday of December 31, 2024 is Tuesday.
Weekday of December 31, 2025 is Wednesday.
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new_year_2023 = datetime(2022, 12, 31)
datetime.timestamp(new_year_2023)
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1672441200.0
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datetime.fromtimestamp(1672441200)
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datetime.datetime(2022, 12, 31, 0, 0)
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# Instatiate two dates
first_date = date(2022, 1, 1)
second_date = date(2022, 12, 31)
# Difference between two dates
date_diff = second_date - first_date
# Function to convert datetime to string
def dt_string(date, date_format="%B %d, %Y"):
   return date.strftime(date_format)
print(f"The number of days and hours between {dt_string(first_date)} and {dt_string(second_date)} is {date_diff}.")
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The number of days and hours between January 01, 2022 and December 31, 2022 is 364 days, 0:00:00
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type(date_diff)
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datetime.timedelta
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print(f"The number of days between {dt_string(first_date)} and {dt_string(second_date)} is {(date_diff).days}.")
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The number of days between January 01, 2022 and December 31, 2022 is 364.
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# Import timedelta
from datetime import timedelta
# Current time
now = datetime.now()
# timedelta of 30 days
one_month = timedelta(days=30)
# Day in one month/using dt_string function defined above
print(f"The day in 30 days is {dt_string(now + one_month)}.")
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The day in 30 days is March 16, 2022.
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# New year 2030
new_year_2030 = datetime(2030, 1, 1, 0, 0)
# timedelta of 12 hours
twelve_hours = timedelta(hours=12)
# Time string of 12 hours before New Year 2023
twelve_hours_before = (new_year_2030 - twelve_hours).strftime("%B %d, %Y, %H:%M:%S")
# Print the time 12 hours before New Year 2023
print(f"The time twelve hours before New Year 2030 will be {twelve_hours_before}.")
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The time twelve hours before New Year 2030 will be December 31, 2029, 12:00:00.
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# Current time
now = datetime.now()
# Timedelta of 27 days, 3 hours, and 45 minutes
specific_timedelta = timedelta(days=27, hours=3, minutes=45)
# Time in 27 days, 3 hours, and 45 minutes
twenty_seven_days = (now + specific_timedelta).strftime("%B %d, %Y, %H:%M:%S")
print(f"The time in 27 days, 3 hours, and 45 minutes will be {twenty_seven_days}.")
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The time in 27 days, 3 hours, and 45 minutes will be March 13, 2022, 15:18:39.
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# Import relativedelta
from dateutil.relativedelta import relativedelta
# Current time
now = datetime.now()
# relativedelta object
relative_delta = relativedelta(years=2, months=3, days=4, hours=5)
two_years = (now - relative_delta).strftime("%B %d, %Y, %H:%M:%S")
print(f"The time 2 years, 3 months, 4 days, and 5 hours ago was {two_years}.")
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The time 2 years, 3 months, 4 days, and 5 hours ago was November 10, 2019, 06:33:40.
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relativedelta(datetime(2030, 12, 31), now)
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relativedelta(years=+8, months=+10, days=+16, hours=+12, minutes=+26, seconds=+19, microseconds=+728345)
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# Import tzinfo
from datetime import tzinfo
# Naive datetime
naive_datetime = datetime.now()
# Naive datetime doesn't hold any timezone information
type(naive_datetime.tzinfo)
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NoneType
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# Import ZoneInfo
from zoneinfo import ZoneInfo
utc_tz = ZoneInfo("UTC")
# Aware datetime object with UTC timezone
dt_utc = datetime.now(tz=utc_tz)
# The type of an aware object implemented with ZoneInfo is zoneinfo.ZoneInfo
type(dt_utc.tzinfo)
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zoneinfo.ZoneInfo
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import zoneinfo
# Will return a long list of timezones (opens many files!)
zoneinfo.available_timezones()
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{'Africa/Abidjan',
'Africa/Accra',
'Africa/Addis_Ababa',
'Africa/Algiers',
'Africa/Asmara',
'Africa/Asmera',
'Africa/Bamako',
'Africa/Bangui',
'Africa/Banjul',
'Africa/Bissau',
'Africa/Blantyre',
'Africa/Brazzaville',
'Africa/Bujumbura',
'Africa/Cairo',
'Africa/Casablanca',
'Africa/Ceuta',
'Africa/Conakry',
'Africa/Dakar',
'Africa/Dar_es_Salaam',
'Africa/Djibouti',
'Africa/Douala',
...
'build/etc/localtime'}
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# Function to convert datetime into ISO formatted time
def iso(time, time_format="%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"):
   return time.strftime(time_format)
# CET time zone
cet_tz = ZoneInfo("Europe/Paris")
# PST time zone
pst_tz = ZoneInfo("America/Los_Angeles")
# Current time in Central Europe
dt_cet = datetime.now(tz=cet_tz)
# Current time in California
dt_pst = datetime.now(tz=pst_tz)
print(f"Current time in Central Europe is {iso(dt_cet)}.")
print(f"Current time in California is {iso(dt_pst)}.")
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Current time in Central Europe is 2022-02-14 11:33:42.
Current time in California is 2022-02-14 02:33:42.
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print(datetime.now(tz=cet_tz))
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2022-02-14 11:33:43.048967+01:00
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# Define timedelta
time_delta = timedelta(days=1)
# November 5, 2022, 3 PM
november_5_2022 = datetime(2022, 11, 5, 15, tzinfo=pst_tz) # Note that we should use tzinfo in the datetime construct
print(november_5_2022)
# Add 1 day to November 5, 2022
print(november_5_2022 + time_delta)
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2022-11-05 15:00:00-07:00
2022-11-06 15:00:00-08:00
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from zoneinfo import ZoneInfo
from dateutil import tz
from datetime import datetime
def main():
   """Main function."""
   # Set current time in our local time zone
   now = datetime.now(tz=tz.tzlocal())
   # New York City time zone
   nyc_tz = ZoneInfo("America/New_York")
   # New Year 2023 in NYC
   new_year_2023 = datetime(2023, 1, 1, 0, 0, tzinfo=nyc_tz)
   # Compute the time left to New Year in NYC
   countdown = relativedelta(new_year_2023, now)
   # Print time left to New Year 2023
   print(f"New Year in New Your City will come on: {new_year_2023.strftime('%B %-d, %Y %H:%M:%S')}.")
   print(f"Time left to New Year 2023 in NYC is: {countdown.months} months, {countdown.days} days, {countdown.hours} hours, {countdown.minutes} minutes, {countdown.seconds} seconds.")
if __name__ == "__main__":
   main()
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New Year in New Your City will come on: January 1, 2023 00:00:00.
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