简介
中介者模式(Mediator Pattern)是一种行为型模式。它限制对象之间的直接交互,它用一个中介对象来封装一系列的动作,以让对象之间进行交流。中介者使各个对象不需要显式地相互引用,从而使其耦合松散,而且可以独立地改变它们之间的交互。
当一些对象和其他对象紧密耦合以致难以对其进行修改时,或当组件因过于依赖其他组件而无法在不同应用中复用时,可使用中介者模式。
作用
- 用来降低多个对象和类之间的通信复杂性。
- 对象之间不再显式地相互引用,但可以独立地改变它们之间的交互,从而保持松耦合。
实现步骤
- 定义一个工具接口,供不同工具类来实现。建立多个具体工具类实现基础工具接口。
- 定义一个基础抽象类,里面聚合了工具接口,相当于桥接。
- 再重新定义一个新抽象类,继承自基础抽象类,并补充一些方法。
- 建立具体对象类继承新抽象类,调用桥接接口里的方法来实现功能。
UML
Java代码
中介者抽象接口
// RoomMediator.java 定义中介者接口或抽象类 public interface RoomMediator { public void register(AbstractUser user); public void sendTo(AbstractUser from, AbstractUser to, String message); public void send(AbstractUser from, String message); }
通用中介者
// GeneralRoom.java 中介者的具体实现类 public class GeneralRoom implements RoomMediator { public List<AbstractUser> users = new ArrayList<AbstractUser>(); @Override public void register(AbstractUser user) { // 用户注册登记,追加用户列表 user.setRoomMediator(this); users.add(user); } // 作为中介者通知给某个用户 @Override public void sendTo(AbstractUser from, AbstractUser to, String message) { System.out.println( "GeneralRoom:sendTo() [from: " + from.getName() + " message: " + message + " to: " + to.getName() + " ]"); // 根据用户名称定向发送 to.recieve(from, message); } // 作为中介者通知给全体用户 @Override public void send(AbstractUser from, String message) { System.out.println("GeneralRoom:send() [from: " + from.getName() + " message: " + message + "]"); for (AbstractUser user : users) { user.recieve(from, message); } } }
抽象用户类
// AbstractUser.java 定义抽象用户类,聚合中介者 public abstract class AbstractUser { private String name; public RoomMediator roomMediator; public AbstractUser(String name) { this.name = name; } public void setRoomMediator(RoomMediator roomMediator) { this.roomMediator = roomMediator; } public abstract void send(String message); public abstract void sendTo(AbstractUser to, String message); public abstract void recieve(AbstractUser from, String message); public String getName() { return this.name; } }
具体用户对象
// CommonUser.java 普通用户继承了抽象用户,实现了具体功能 public class CommonUser extends AbstractUser { public CommonUser(String name) { super(name); } @Override public void send(String message) { System.out.println("CommonUser:send() [user: " + this.getName() + " message:" + message + "]"); // 通过中介者来中转消息 this.roomMediator.send(this, message); } @Override public void sendTo(AbstractUser to, String message) { System.out.println("CommonUser:sendTo() [user: " + this.getName() + " message:" + message + " to: " + to.getName() + "]"); // 通过中介者来中转消息 this.roomMediator.sendTo(this, to, message); } @Override public void recieve(AbstractUser from, String message) { System.out.println("CommonUser:recieve() [user: " + this.getName() + " message: " + message + " from:" + from.getName() + "]"); } }
// MemberUser.java 会员用户继承了抽象用户,实现了具体功能 public class MemberUser extends AbstractUser { public MemberUser(String name) { super(name); } @Override public void send(String message) { System.out.println("MemberUser:send() [user: " + this.getName() + " message:" + message + "]"); // 通过中介者来中转消息 this.roomMediator.send(this, message); } @Override public void sendTo(AbstractUser to, String message) { System.out .println("MemberUser:sendTo() [user: " + this.getName() + " message:" + message + " to: " + to.getName() + "]"); // 通过中介者来中转消息 this.roomMediator.sendTo(this, to, message); } @Override public void recieve(AbstractUser from, String message) { System.out.println("MemberUser:recieve() [user: " + this.getName() + " message: " + message + " from user:" + from.getName() + "]"); } }
测试调用
public class Test { public static void start() { /** * 中介者模式用一个中介对象来封装一系列动作,让对象之间利用中介者来交流。 * 这里聊天室就是一个中介者,用户和用户之间的消息传递,全部依靠聊天室来完成。 * 先给聊天室注册用户,也给用户绑定上中介者,双方彼此持有关系。 * 中介者的成员之间的消息传递通过中介者来代理传达。 */ // 声明一个聊天室 GeneralRoom generalRoom = new GeneralRoom(); // 给聊天室添加点不同的人 AbstractUser user1 = new CommonUser("user1"); generalRoom.register(user1); CommonUser user2 = new CommonUser("user2"); generalRoom.register(user2); MemberUser user3 = new MemberUser("user3"); generalRoom.register(user3); // user1 发送给全体 user1.send("hi, I'm " + user1.getName() + "."); // user2 发送给 user3 user2.sendTo(user3, "haha."); } public static void main(String[] args) { System.out.println("test start:"); start(); } }
Go代码
中介者抽象接口
// RoomMediator.go 定义中介者接口或抽象类 type RoomMediator interface { Register(user AbstractUser) SendTo(from AbstractUser, to AbstractUser, message string) Send(from AbstractUser, message string) }
通用中介者
// GeneralRoom.go 中介者的具体实现类 type GeneralRoom struct { users []AbstractUser } func (g *GeneralRoom) Register(user AbstractUser) { // 用户注册登记,追加用户列表 user.SetRoomMediator(g) g.users = append(g.users, user) } // 作为中介者通知给某个用户 func (g *GeneralRoom) SendTo(from AbstractUser, to AbstractUser, message string) { fmt.Println("GeneralRoom::SendTo() [from: " + from.GetName() + " message: " + message + " to: " + to.GetName() + "]") // 定向发送给某个用户,名称唯一 to.Recieve(from, message) } // 作为中介者通知给全体用户 func (g *GeneralRoom) Send(from AbstractUser, message string) { fmt.Println("GeneralRoom::Send() [from: " + from.GetName() + " message: " + message + "] ") for _, user := range g.users { user.Recieve(from, message) } }
抽象用户类
// AbstractUser.go 定义抽象用户类,聚合中介者 type AbstractUser interface { SetRoomMediator(roomMediator RoomMediator) Send(message string) SendTo(to AbstractUser, message string) Recieve(from AbstractUser, message string) GetName() string }
具体用户对象
// CommonUser.go 普通用户继承了抽象用户,实现了具体功能 type CommonUser struct { Name string roomMediator RoomMediator } func (c *CommonUser) SetRoomMediator(roomMediator RoomMediator) { c.roomMediator = roomMediator } func (c *CommonUser) Send(message string) { fmt.Println("CommonUser:Send() [user: " + c.GetName() + " message: " + message + "]") // 通过中介者来中转消息 c.roomMediator.Send(c, message) } func (c *CommonUser) SendTo(to AbstractUser, message string) { fmt.Println("CommonUser:SendTo() [user: " + c.GetName() + " message: " + message + "]") // 通过中介者来中转消息 c.roomMediator.SendTo(c, to, message) } func (c *CommonUser) Recieve(from AbstractUser, message string) { fmt.Println("CommonUser:Recieve() [user: " + c.GetName() + " message: " + message + " from: " + from.GetName() + "]") } func (c *CommonUser) SetName(name string) { c.Name = name } func (c *CommonUser) GetName() string { return c.Name }
// MemberUser.go 会员用户继承了抽象用户,实现了具体功能 type MemberUser struct { // Name首字母大写以便跨模块访问 Name string roomMediator RoomMediator } func (c *MemberUser) SetRoomMediator(roomMediator RoomMediator) { c.roomMediator = roomMediator } func (c *MemberUser) Send(message string) { fmt.Println("MemberUser:Send() [user: " + c.GetName() + " message: " + message + "]") // 通过中介者来中转消息 c.roomMediator.Send(c, message) } func (c *MemberUser) SendTo(to AbstractUser, message string) { fmt.Println("MemberUser:SendTo() [user: " + c.GetName() + " message: " + message + "]") // 通过中介者来中转消息 c.roomMediator.SendTo(c, to, message) } func (c *MemberUser) Recieve(from AbstractUser, message string) { fmt.Println("MemberUser:Recieve() [user: " + c.GetName() + " message: " + message + " from: " + from.GetName() + "]") } func (c *MemberUser) SetName(name string) { c.Name = name } func (c *MemberUser) GetName() string { return c.Name }
测试调用
func main() { fmt.Println("test start:") /** * 中介者模式用一个中介对象来封装一系列动作,让对象之间利用中介者来交流。 * 这里聊天室就是一个中介者,用户和用户之间的消息传递,全部依靠聊天室来完成。 * 先给聊天室注册用户,也给用户绑定上中介者,双方彼此持有关系。 * 中介者的成员之间的消息传递通过中介者来代理传达。 */ // 声明一个聊天室 var generalRoom = new(src.GeneralRoom) // 给聊天室添加点不同的人 var user1 = &src.CommonUser{ Name: "user1", } generalRoom.Register(user1) var user2 = &src.CommonUser{ Name: "user2", } generalRoom.Register(user2) var user3 = &src.MemberUser{ Name: "user3", } generalRoom.Register(user3) // user1 发送给全体 user1.Send("hi, I'm " + user1.GetName() + ".") // user2 发送给 user3 user2.SendTo(user3, "haha.") }
C语言简版
#include <stdio.h> /** * 中介者模式是一种行为型设计模式,它可以用来减少类之间的直接依赖关系, * 将对象之间的通信封装到一个中介者对象中,从而使得各个对象之间的关系更加松散。 * 在中介者模式中,对象之间不再直接相互交互,而是通过中介者来中转消息。 */ typedef struct Colleague Colleague; typedef struct Mediator Mediator; // 定义抽象交互对象类 struct Colleague { int id; struct Mediator *mediator; void (*send)(struct Colleague *sender, char *message); void (*send_to)(struct Colleague *sender, Colleague *receiver, char *message); void (*receive)(struct Colleague *receiver, Colleague *sender, char *message); }; // 定义中介者类 struct Mediator { struct Colleague **colleagues; int colleagues_length; void (*send)(Colleague *sender, char *message); void (*send_to)(Colleague *sender, Colleague *receiver, char *message); }; // 交互对象发送消息 void colleague_send(Colleague *sender, char *message) { printf("\r\n colleague_send() [sender->id=%d message=%s]", sender->id, message); Mediator *mediator = sender->mediator; // 由中介者代为转发消息给全体接收者 mediator->send(sender, message); } // 交互对象发送消息 void colleague_send_to(Colleague *sender, Colleague *receiver, char *message) { printf("\r\n colleague_send_to() [sender->id=%d receiver->id=%d message=%s]", sender->id, receiver->id, message); Mediator *mediator = sender->mediator; // 由中介者代为转发消息给指定接收者 mediator->send_to(sender, receiver, message); } // 对象接收消息 void colleague_receive(Colleague *receiver, Colleague *sender, char *message) { printf("\r\n colleague_receive() [receiver->id=%d send->id=%d message=%s]", receiver->id, sender->id, message); } // 中介者发送消息 void mediator_send(Colleague *sender, char *message) { printf("\r\n mediator_send() [sender->id=%d message=%s]", sender->id, message); Colleague *receiver; for (int i = 0; i < sender->mediator->colleagues_length; i++) { // 中介者通知全体接收者 receiver = sender->mediator->colleagues[i]; receiver->receive(receiver, sender, message); } } // 中介者发送消息 void mediator_send_to(Colleague *sender, Colleague *receiver, char *message) { // 中介者通知指定接收者 printf("\r\n mediator_send_to() [sender->id=%d receiver->id=%d message=%s]", sender->id, receiver->id, message); receiver->receive(receiver, sender, message); } // 初始化交互对象类 void colleague_constructor(Colleague *self, int id) { self->id = id; self->send = colleague_send; self->send_to = colleague_send_to; self->receive = colleague_receive; } // 初始化中介者类 void mediator_constructor(Mediator *self, Colleague **colleagues, int colleagues_length) { self->colleagues = colleagues; self->colleagues_length = colleagues_length; // 给每个对象绑定中介者 for (int i = 0; i < self->colleagues_length; i++) { self->colleagues[i]->mediator = self; } self->send = &mediator_send; self->send_to = &mediator_send_to; } // test int main() { // 初始化具体交互对象a,分别绑定相关函数 Colleague colleague_a; colleague_constructor(&colleague_a, 1); // 初始化具体交互对象b,分别绑定相关函数 Colleague colleague_b; colleague_constructor(&colleague_b, 2); // 定义交互对象数组 Colleague *colleagues[] = {&colleague_a, &colleague_b}; int colleagues_length = sizeof(colleagues) / sizeof(colleagues[0]); printf("colleagues_length=%d", colleagues_length); // 初始化中介者类,绑定交互对象 Mediator mediator; mediator_constructor(&mediator, colleagues, colleagues_length); // 交互类发送消息 colleague_a.send(&colleague_a, "Hi, all! I'm a."); printf("\r\n ==== \r\n"); colleague_a.send_to(&colleague_a, &colleague_b, "Hello, colleague_b. I am a!"); printf("\r\n ==== \r\n"); colleague_b.send_to(&colleague_b, &colleague_a, "Hi, colleague_a! I'm b."); return 0; }
更多语言版本
不同语言实现设计模式:https://github.com/microwind/design-pattern