第一期 · 使用 Vue 3.1 + TypeScript + Router + Tailwind.css 构建手机底部导航栏、仿B站的登录、注册页面。
代码仓库
alicepolice/Vue-05 (github.com)
构建项目
新建项目
导入bootstrap-icons-vue
bootstrap-icons-vue - npm (npmjs.com)
导入Tailwind
在 Vue 3 和 Vite 安装 Tailwind CSS - Tailwind CSS 中文文档
安装VSCODE插件
构建目录文件
PS C:\Users\小能喵喵喵\Desktop\Vue\Homework\homework2\src> tree /f
C:.
│ App.vue
│ index.css
│ main.ts
│ shims-vue.d.ts
│
├───assets
│ 3.png
│ 4.png
│ logo.png
│
├───components
│ BottomBar.vue
│
├───router
│ index.ts
│
├───store
│ index.ts
│
└───views
AboutView.vue
HomeLoginView.vue
HomeView.vue
LoginView.vue
RegisterView.vue
构建底部导航栏
Router
- redirect用于访问网站根目录的时候跳转至特定哈希锚点对应的页面
const routes: Array<RouteRecordRaw> = [
{
path: '/',
name: '',
redirect: () => {
return { name: "home" }
}
},
{
path: '/home',
name: 'home',
component: HomeView
},
{
path: '/login',
name: 'login',
component: LoginViewVue
},
{
path: '/register',
name: 'register',
component: RegisterViewVue
},
{
path: '/about',
name: 'about',
component: AboutViewVue
}
]
App.vue
使用 typescript 语法明确规定了setBottomFlag
接收的布尔类型,同时严格规定 vue 应用实例 data 函数返回的对象中变量的类型,即 as
语法。
v-show="bottomFlag"
用于隐藏导航栏,setBottomFlag
由各个 router-view 负责 emit 触发。
<template>
<router-view @set-bottom-flag="setBottomFlag" />
<BottomBar v-show="bottomFlag" :items="bottomItems" />
</template>
<script lang="ts">
import { defineComponent } from "vue";
import BottomBar from "@/components/BottomBar.vue";
type BottomItem = {
text: string;
icon: string;
routerName: string;
};
export default defineComponent({
name: "App",
components: {
BottomBar,
},
data() {
return {
bottomItems: [
{ text: "首页", icon: "b-icon-house-heart", routerName: "home" },
{ text: "理财", icon: "b-icon-coin", routerName: "about" },
{ text: "消息", icon: "b-icon-chat-dots", routerName: "about" },
{ text: "我的", icon: "b-icon-person-circle", routerName: "about" },
] as BottomItem[],
bottomFlag: true as boolean,
};
},
methods: {
setBottomFlag(value: boolean): void {
this.bottomFlag = value;
},
},
});
</script>
BottomBar.vue
这里使用了 windtail css 功能性类语法,具体信息可以通过官方文档查到。
在vue3.1中,router-link的tag已经被废除,需要使用插槽的方式。给 router-link 添加 custom v-slot="{ navigate }"。navigate 是触发导航的函数。 @click = "navigate" 通过对其他标签的点击间接触发router-link的导航函数。
custom -> <router-link>
是否不应将其内容包装在 <a>
标记中。
icon的生成使用了动态控件,依赖外部传进去的数组 ->:is
// 来自 App.vue 的数组传递给了当前的 props -> items
bottomItems: [
{ text: "首页", icon: "b-icon-house-heart", routerName: "home" },
{ text: "理财", icon: "b-icon-coin", routerName: "about" },
{ text: "消息", icon: "b-icon-chat-dots", routerName: "about" },
{ text: "我的", icon: "b-icon-person-circle", routerName: "about" },
] as BottomItem[],
<template>
<div
class="
box-border
h-16
absolute
container
bg-blue-200
bottom-0
left-0
flex flex-nowrap
items-center
"
>
<div v-for="(item, index) in items" :key="index" style="width: 100%">
<router-link :to="{ name: item.routerName }" custom v-slot="{ navigate }">
<div @click="navigate" class="text-center">
<div class="pt-2">
<component :is="item.icon" class="m-auto text-2xl" />
<div class="text-lg">
{{ item.text }}
</div>
</div>
</div>
</router-link>
</div>
</div>
</template>
<script lang="ts">
export default {
props: {
items: Array,
},
};
</script>
修改HomeView.vue
在Home页面下默认显示底部导航栏,在挂载的时候通知父组件事件。
this.$emit("set-bottom-flag", true);
<template>
<div class="text-6xl">主页面 HELLO WORLD</div>
</template>
<script lang="ts">
import { defineComponent } from "vue";
export default defineComponent({
name: "HomeView",
components: {},
mounted() {
this.$emit("set-bottom-flag", true);
},
});
</script>
构建登录、注册
提取组件
对于按钮和表单元素之类的小型组件,与简单的 CSS 类相比,创建模板片断或 JavaScript 组件通常会感觉过重。
官方建议使用 @layer components { ... } 指令包装自定义组件样式,以告诉 Tailwind 这些样式属于哪一层。
在 src/index.css 中定义表单标签、按钮标签共用的 Tailwind CSS 样式集合
/* ./src/index.css */
@tailwind base;
@tailwind components;
@tailwind utilities;
@layer components {
.login-register-input {
@apply inline-block bg-white focus:outline-none py-3 pl-3 appearance-none leading-normal;
}
.login-register-solid-button{
@apply
focus:outline-none
text-white
bg-pink-400
font-medium
rounded-sm
text-lg
px-5
py-2.5
mb-2
}
.login-register-hollow-button{
@apply
focus:outline-none
text-pink-400
border-pink-400 border
font-medium
rounded-sm
text-lg
px-5
py-2.5
mb-2
}
.login-register-checkbox{
@apply
ml-2
text-sm
font-medium
text-gray-500
dark:text-gray-300
text-left
}
}
LoginView.vue
router-link
注意 router-link 的用法,这里分别绑定了左箭头、短信登录。主要靠如下语法。
custom v-slot="{ navigate }
// 上: router-link标签中的属性, 下: 绑定实现像a标签那样具备跳转功能的标签
@click="navigate"
动态绑定背景图片方式
require 从依赖项返回导出。是同步过程,不会触发对服务器的请求。编译器会确保依赖项可用。
<div class="bg-cover bg-center h-24 shadow-inner" :style="{ 'background-image': 'url(' + banner + ')', }" ></div>
data() {
return {
banner: require("../assets/3.png"),
};
}
更多资料可参考
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/67193179/how-can-i-link-background-image-vue-cli
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/35242272/vue-js-data-bind-style-backgroundimage-not-working
输入密码的时候切换背景
依托两个事件,通过当前光标对表单标签的进出实现。
@focusin="changeIMG('4.png')" @focusout="changeIMG('3.png')"
methods: {
changeIMG(src: string): void {
this.banner = require(`../assets/${src}`);
},
},
完整代码
<template>
<div class="container bg-gray-100 absolute inset-0">
<div class="box-border bg-white border-b-1 border-b-black h-16 p-2">
<router-link :to="{ name: 'home' }" custom v-slot="{ navigate }">
<b-icon-arrow-left-short
class="inline-block text-4xl align-middle mr-3 mt-2"
@click="navigate"
/>
</router-link>
<span class="text-xl absolute top-5">密码登录</span>
<router-link :to="{ name: 'register' }" custom v-slot="{ navigate }">
<span
class="text-lg absolute right-4 top-5 text-gray-500"
@click="navigate"
>短信登录</span
>
</router-link>
</div>
<div
class="bg-cover bg-center h-24 shadow-inner"
:style="{
'background-image': 'url(' + banner + ')',
}"
></div>
<div class="border-y">
<div class="login-register-input w-1/6">账号</div>
<input
id="username"
class="login-register-input w-5/6"
type="text"
placeholder="请输入手机号或邮箱"
/>
</div>
<div class="border-b">
<div class="login-register-input w-1/6">密码</div>
<input
id="password"
class="login-register-input w-3/6"
type="text"
placeholder="请输入密码"
@focusin="changeIMG('4.png')"
@focusout="changeIMG('3.png')"
/>
<div class="login-register-input pl-8 w-2/6 text-pink-400 text-center">
忘记密码?
</div>
</div>
<div class="text-center pt-6 flex justify-around">
<button type="button" class="login-register-hollow-button w-5/12">
注册
</button>
<button type="button" class="login-register-solid-button w-5/12">
登录
</button>
</div>
<div class="text-center pt-4">
<div class="flex items-center align-top">
<input
id="link-checkbox"
type="checkbox"
value=""
class="ml-4 w-5 h-5 bg-gray-100 rounded"
/>
<label
for="link-checkbox"
class="ml-2 text-sm font-medium text-gray-500 text-left"
>我已阅读并同意<a href="#" class="text-blue-600">用户协议</a>和<a
href="#"
class="text-blue-600"
>隐私政策</a
></label
>
</div>
</div>
<div class="text-center pt-6">
<label class="login-register-checkbox">
遇到问题?<a href="#" class="text-blue-600">查看帮助</a>
</label>
</div>
</div>
</template>
<script lang="ts">
import { defineComponent } from "vue";
export default defineComponent({
name: "LoginView",
components: {},
data() {
return {
banner: require("../assets/3.png"),
};
},
methods: {
changeIMG(src: string): void {
this.banner = require(`../assets/${src}`);
},
},
mounted() {
this.$emit("set-bottom-flag", false);
},
});
</script>
RegisterView.vue
部分功能与 Login.view 类似。
表单填入更改标签颜色
当输入手机号时,获取验证码会由灰变成粉色。将字体颜色从固定的class抽取出放入动态class绑定计算属性。每当phone发生变化即可改变颜色。
<div
class="login-register-input w-2/6 text-center"
:class="changeGetCodeColor"
>
获取验证码
</div>
computed: {
changeGetCodeColor(): string {
if (this.phone == "") {
return "text-gray-400";
} else {
return "text-pink-400";
}
},
},
完整代码
<template>
<div class="container bg-gray-100 absolute inset-0">
<div class="box-border bg-white border-b-1 border-b-black h-16 p-2">
<router-link :to="{ name: 'home' }" custom v-slot="{ navigate }">
<b-icon-arrow-left-short
class="inline-block text-4xl align-middle mr-3 mt-2"
@click="navigate"
/>
</router-link>
<span class="text-xl absolute top-5">手机号登录注册</span>
<router-link :to="{ name: 'login' }" custom v-slot="{ navigate }">
<span
class="text-lg absolute right-4 top-5 text-gray-500"
@click="navigate"
>密码登录</span
>
</router-link>
</div>
<div
class="bg-cover bg-center h-24 shadow-inner"
:style="{
'background-image': 'url(' + banner + ')',
}"
></div>
<div>
<select id="countries" class="login-register-input w-full border-y">
<option selected value="CN">中国大陆</option>
<option value="US">美国</option>
<option value="CA">加拿大</option>
<option value="FR">法国</option>
<option value="DE">德国</option>
</select>
</div>
<div class="border-b">
<div class="login-register-input w-1/6">+86</div>
<input
id="phone"
class="login-register-input w-3/6"
type="text"
placeholder="请输入手机号码"
v-model="phone"
/>
<div
class="login-register-input w-2/6 text-center"
:class="changeGetCodeColor"
>
获取验证码
</div>
</div>
<div class="border-b">
<div class="login-register-input w-1/6">验证码</div>
<input
id="code"
class="login-register-input w-5/6"
type="text"
placeholder="请输入验证码"
@focusin="changeIMG('4.png')"
@focusout="changeIMG('3.png')"
/>
</div>
<div class="text-center pt-6">
<button type="button" class="login-register-solid-button w-11/12">
验证登录
</button>
</div>
<div class="text-center pt-4">
<div class="flex items-center align-top">
<input
id="link-checkbox"
type="checkbox"
value=""
class="login-register-checkbox"
/>
<label
for="link-checkbox"
class="
ml-2
text-sm
font-medium
text-gray-500
dark:text-gray-300
text-left
"
>我已阅读并同意<a
href="#"
class="text-blue-600 dark:text-blue-500 hover:underline"
>用户协议</a
>和<a
href="#"
class="text-blue-600 dark:text-blue-500 hover:underline"
>隐私政策</a
>,未注册绑定的手机号验证成功后将自动注册</label
>
</div>
</div>
<div class="text-center pt-6">
<label
class="
ml-2
text-sm
font-medium
text-gray-500
dark:text-gray-300
text-left
"
>
遇到问题?<a
href="#"
class="text-blue-600 dark:text-blue-500 hover:underline"
>查看帮助</a
>
</label>
</div>
</div>
</template>
<script lang="ts">
import { defineComponent } from "vue";
export default defineComponent({
name: "RegisterView",
components: {},
data() {
return {
banner: require("../assets/3.png"),
phone: "",
};
},
methods: {
changeIMG(src: string): void {
this.banner = require(`../assets/${src}`);
},
},
computed: {
changeGetCodeColor(): string {
if (this.phone == "") {
return "text-gray-400";
} else {
return "text-pink-400";
}
},
},
mounted() {
this.$emit("set-bottom-flag", false);
},
});
</script>
一些零散的知识补充
Module not found: Error: Can't resolve 'sass-loader'
Module not found: Error: Can't resolve 'sass-loader'
解决方法: 运行如下命令后重新启动服务
npm install sass-loader -D
npm install node-sass -D
声明式、命令式
命令式UI:构建全功能UI实体,然后在UI更改时使用方法对其进行变更。
声明式UI:描述当前的UI状态,并且不需要关心它是如何过渡到框架的。
TS、ECMA、JS 关系
配置NPM镜像
npm config set registry=http://registry.npm.taobao.org
初试TS
var hello = "hello world"
console.log(hello)
npm install -g typescript
tsc helloworld ::编译ts
node helloworld ::运行js
变量提升
当使用var声明一个变量的时候,该变量会被提升到作用域的顶端,但是赋值的部分并不会被提升。
console.log(hello)
var hello = "hello world"
而let、const不会,实际开发中建议尽量使用用 let 和 const 代替var。
网站" tid="tid-hwc73b">好用的网站
Tailwind CSS Select / Listbox Form - Free Examples (tailwind-elements.com)
Tailwind CSS Flowbite
Bootstrap Icons · Official open source SVG icon library for Bootstrap (getbootstrap.com)
__EOF__