本文转载自微信公众号「Android开发编程」,作者Android开发编程 。转载本文请联系Android开发编程公众号。
前言
ViewDragHelper类,是用来处理View边界拖动相关的类;
主要功能处理在View上的触摸事件,记录触摸点、计算距离、滚动动画、状态回调等,如果我们自己手动实现自然会很麻烦还可能出错,而这个类会帮助我们大大简化工作量;
今天我们就来分析一波;
一、ViewDragHelper的中主要API介绍
1、ViewDragHelper create(ViewGroup forParent, Callback cb)
一个静态的创建方法;
- 参数1:出入的是相应的ViewGroup;
- 参数2:是一个回掉,需要自己实现;
2、shouldInterceptTouchEvent(MotionEvent ev)
处理事件分发的(怎么说这个方法呢?主要是将ViewGroup的事件分发,委托给ViewDragHelper进行处理);
- 参数1:MotionEvent ev 主要是ViewGroup的事件;
3、processTouchEvent(MotionEvent event)
处理相应TouchEvent的方法,这里要注意一个问题,处理相应的TouchEvent的时候要将结果返回为true,消费本次事件,否则将无法使用ViewDragHelper处理相应的拖拽事件;
4、ViewDragHelper.Callback的API
tryCaptureView(View child, int pointerId) 这是一个抽象类,必须去实现,也只有在这个方法返回true的时候下面的方法才会生效;
onViewDragStateChanged(int state) 当状态改变的时候回调,返回相应的状态(这里有三种状态);
- STATE_IDLE 闲置状态;
- STATE_DRAGGING 正在拖动;
- STATE_SETTLING 放置到某个位置;
onViewPositionChanged(View changedView, int left, int top, int dx, int dy) 当你拖动的View位置发生改变的时候回调;
- 参数1:你当前拖动的这个View
- 参数2:距离左边的距离
- 参数3:距离右边的距离
- 参数4:x轴的变化量
- 参数5:y轴的变化量
onViewCaptured(View capturedChild, int activePointerId)捕获View的时候调用的方法
- 参数1:捕获的View(也就是你拖动的这个View);
- 参数2:这个参数我也不知道什么意思API中写的一个什么指针,这里没有到也没有注意;
onViewReleased(View releasedChild, float xvel, float yvel) 当View停止拖拽的时候调用的方法
- 参数1:你拖拽的这个View
- 参数2:x轴的速率
- 参数3:y轴的速率
clampViewPositionVertical(View child, int top, int dy) 竖直拖拽的时候回调的方法
- 参数1:拖拽的View
- 参数2:距离顶部的距离
- 参数3:变化量
clampViewPositionHorizontal(View child, int left, int dx) 水平拖拽的时候回调的方法
- 参数1:拖拽的View
- 参数2:距离左边的距离
- 参数3:变化量
二、实现原理介绍
1、初始化
private ViewDragHelper(Context context, ViewGroup forParent, Callback cb) {
...
mParentView = forParent;//BaseView
mCallback = cb;//callback
final ViewConfiguration vc = ViewConfiguration.get(context);
final float density = context.getResources().getDisplayMetrics().density;
mEdgeSize = (int) (EDGE_SIZE * density + 0.5f);//边界拖动距离范围
mTouchSlop = vc.getScaledTouchSlop();//拖动距离阈值
mScroller = new OverScroller(context, sInterpolator);//滚动器
}
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- mParentView是指基于哪个View进行触摸处理;
- mCallback是触摸处理的各个阶段的回调;
- mEdgeSize是指在边界多少距离内算作拖动,默认为20dp;
- mTouchSlop指滑动多少距离算作拖动,用的系统默认值;
- mScroller是View滚动的Scroller对象,用于处理释触摸放后,View的滚动行为,比如滚动回原始位置或者滚动出屏幕;
2.拦截事件处理
该类提供了boolean shouldInterceptTouchEvent(MotionEvent)方法:
override fun onInterceptTouchEvent(ev: MotionEvent?) =
dragHelper?.shouldInterceptTouchEvent(ev) ?: super.onInterceptTouchEvent(ev)
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该方法用于处理mParentView是否拦截此次事件
public boolean shouldInterceptTouchEvent(MotionEvent ev) {
...
switch (action) {
...
case MotionEvent.ACTION_MOVE: {
if (mInitialMotionX == null || mInitialMotionY == null) break;
// First to cross a touch slop over a draggable view wins. Also report edge drags.
final int pointerCount = ev.getPointerCount();
for (int i = 0; i < pointerCount; i++) {
final int pointerId = ev.getPointerId(i);
// If pointer is invalid then skip the ACTION_MOVE.
if (!isValidPointerForActionMove(pointerId)) continue;
final float x = ev.getX(i);
final float y = ev.getY(i);
final float dx = x - mInitialMotionX[pointerId];
final float dy = y - mInitialMotionY[pointerId];
final View toCapture = findTopChildUnder((int) x, (int) y);
final boolean pastSlop = toCapture != null && checkTouchSlop(toCapture, dx, dy);
...
//判断pointer的拖动边界
reportNewEdgeDrags(dx, dy, pointerId);
...
}
saveLastMotion(ev);
break;
}
...
}
return mDragState == STATE_DRAGGING;
}
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拦截事件的前提是mDragState为STATE_DRAGGING,也就是正在拖动状态下才会拦截,那么什么时候会变为拖动状态呢?当ACTION_MOVE时,调用reportNewEdgeDrags方法:
private void reportNewEdgeDrags(float dx, float dy, int pointerId) {
int dragsStarted = 0;
//判断是否在Left边缘进行滑动
if (checkNewEdgeDrag(dx, dy, pointerId, EDGE_LEFT)) {
dragsStarted |= EDGE_LEFT;
}
if (checkNewEdgeDrag(dy, dx, pointerId, EDGE_TOP)) {
dragsStarted |= EDGE_TOP;
}
...
if (dragsStarted != 0) {
mEdgeDragsInProgress[pointerId] |= dragsStarted;
//回调拖动的边
mCallback.onEdgeDragStarted(dragsStarted, pointerId);
}
}
private boolean checkNewEdgeDrag(float delta, float odelta, int pointerId, int edge) {
final float absDelta = Math.abs(delta);
final float absODelta = Math.abs(odelta);
//是否支持edge的拖动以及是否满足拖动距离的阈值
if ((mInitialEdgesTouched[pointerId] & edge) != edge || (mTrackingEdges & edge) == 0
|| (mEdgeDragsLocked[pointerId] & edge) == edge
|| (mEdgeDragsInProgress[pointerId] & edge) == edge
|| (absDelta <= mTouchSlop && absODelta <= mTouchSlop)) {
return false;
}
if (absDelta < absODelta * 0.5f && mCallback.onEdgeLock(edge)) {
mEdgeDragsLocked[pointerId] |= edge;
return false;
}
return (mEdgeDragsInProgress[pointerId] & edge) == 0 && absDelta > mTouchSlop;
}
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可以看到,当ACTION_MOVE时,会尝试找到pointer对应的拖动边界,这个边界可以由我们来制定,比如侧滑关闭页面是从左侧开始的,所以我们可以调用setEdgeTrackingEnabled(ViewDragHelper.EDGE_LEFT)来设置只支持左侧滑动。而一旦有滚动发生,就会回调callback的onEdgeDragStarted方法,交由我们做如下操作:
override fun onEdgeDragStarted(edgeFlags: Int, pointerId: Int) {
super.onEdgeDragStarted(edgeFlags, pointerId)
dragHelper?.captureChildView(getChildAt(0), pointerId)
}
我们调用了ViewDragHelper的captureChildView方法:
public void captureChildView(View childView, int activePointerId) {
mCapturedView = childView;//记录拖动view
mActivePointerId = activePointerId;
mCallback.onViewCaptured(childView, activePointerId);
setDragState(STATE_DRAGGING);//设置状态为开始拖动
}
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此时,就记录了拖动的View,并将状态置为拖动,那么在下次ACTION_MOVE的时候,该mParentView就会拦截事件,交由自己的onTouchEvent方法处理拖动了;
3.拖动事件处理
该类提供了void processTouchEvent(MotionEvent)方法,通常我们需要这么写:
override fun onTouchEvent(event: MotionEvent?): Boolean {
dragHelper?.processTouchEvent(event)//交由ViewDragHelper处理
return true
}
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该方法用于处理mParentView拦截事件后的拖动处理:
public void processTouchEvent(MotionEvent ev) {
...
switch (action) {
...
case MotionEvent.ACTION_MOVE: {
if (mDragState == STATE_DRAGGING) {
// If pointer is invalid then skip the ACTION_MOVE.
if (!isValidPointerForActionMove(mActivePointerId)) break;
final int index = ev.findPointerIndex(mActivePointerId);
final float x = ev.getX(index);
final float y = ev.getY(index);
//计算距离上次的拖动距离
final int idx = (int) (x - mLastMotionX[mActivePointerId]);
final int idy = (int) (y - mLastMotionY[mActivePointerId]);
dragTo(mCapturedView.getLeft() + idx, mCapturedView.getTop() + idy, idx, idy);//处理拖动
saveLastMotion(ev);//记录当前触摸点
}...
break;
}
...
case MotionEvent.ACTION_UP: {
if (mDragState == STATE_DRAGGING) {
releaseViewForPointerUp();//释放拖动view
}
cancel();
break;
}...
}
}
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(1)拖动
ACTION_MOVE时,会计算出pointer距离上次的位移,然后计算出capturedView的目标位置,进行拖动处理;
private void dragTo(int left, int top, int dx, int dy) {
int clampedX = left;
int clampedY = top;
final int oldLeft = mCapturedView.getLeft();
final int oldTop = mCapturedView.getTop();
if (dx != 0) {
clampedX = mCallback.clampViewPositionHorizontal(mCapturedView, left, dx);//通过callback获取真正的移动值
ViewCompat.offsetLeftAndRight(mCapturedView, clampedX - oldLeft);//进行位移
}
if (dy != 0) {
clampedY = mCallback.clampViewPositionVertical(mCapturedView, top, dy);
ViewCompat.offsetTopAndBottom(mCapturedView, clampedY - oldTop);
}
if (dx != 0 || dy != 0) {
final int clampedDx = clampedX - oldLeft;
final int clampedDy = clampedY - oldTop;
mCallback.onViewPositionChanged(mCapturedView, clampedX, clampedY,
clampedDx, clampedDy);//callback回调移动后的位置
}
}
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通过callback的clampViewPositionHorizontal方法决定实际移动的水平距离,通常都是返回left值,即拖动了多少就移动多少;
通过callback的onViewPositionChanged方法,可以对View拖动后的新位置做一些处理,如;
override fun onViewPositionChanged(changedView: View?, left: Int, top: Int, dx: Int, dy: Int) {
super.onViewPositionChanged(changedView, left, top, dx, dy)
//当新的left位置到达width时,即滑动除了界面,关闭页面
if (left >= width && context is Activity && !context.isFinishing) {
context.finish()
}
}
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(2)释放
而ACTION_UP动作时,要释放拖动View
private void releaseViewForPointerUp() {
...
dispatchViewReleased(xvel, yvel);
}
private void dispatchViewReleased(float xvel, float yvel) {
mReleaseInProgress = true;
mCallback.onViewReleased(mCapturedView, xvel, yvel);//callback回调释放
mReleaseInProgress = false;
if (mDragState == STATE_DRAGGING) {
// onViewReleased didn't call a method that would have changed this. Go idle.
setDragState(STATE_IDLE);//重置状态
}
}
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通常在callback的onViewReleased方法中,我们可以判断当前释放点的位置,从而决定是要回弹页面还是滑出屏幕
override fun onViewReleased(releasedChild: View?, xvel: Float, yvel: Float) {
super.onViewReleased(releasedChild, xvel, yvel)
//滑动速度到达一定值时直接关闭
if (xvel >= 300) {//滑动页面到屏幕外,关闭页面
dragHelper?.settleCapturedViewAt(width, 0)
} else {//回弹页面
dragHelper?.settleCapturedViewAt(0, 0)
}
//刷新,开始关闭或重置动画
invalidate()
}
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如滑动速度大于300时,我们调用settleCapturedViewAt方法将页面滚动出屏幕,否则调用该方法进行回弹
(3)滚动
public boolean settleCapturedViewAt(int finalLeft, int finalTop) {
return forceSettleCapturedViewAt(finalLeft, finalTop,
(int) mVelocityTracker.getXVelocity(mActivePointerId),
(int) mVelocityTracker.getYVelocity(mActivePointerId));
}
private boolean forceSettleCapturedViewAt(int finalLeft, int finalTop, int xvel, int yvel) {
//当前位置
final int startLeft = mCapturedView.getLeft();
final int startTop = mCapturedView.getTop();
//偏移量
final int dx = finalLeft - startLeft;
final int dy = finalTop - startTop;
...
final int duration = computeSettleDuration(mCapturedView, dx, dy, xvel, yvel);
//使用Scroller对象开始滚动
mScroller.startScroll(startLeft, startTop, dx, dy, duration);
//重置状态为滚动
setDragState(STATE_SETTLING);
return true;
}
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- 其内部使用的是Scroller对象:是View的滚动机制,其回调是View的computeScroll()方法,在其内部通过Scroller对象的computeScrollOffset方法判断是否滚动完毕,如仍需滚动,需要调用invalidate方法进行刷新;
- ViewDragHelper据此提供了一个类似的方法continueSettling,需要在computeScroll中调用,判断是否需要invalidate;
public boolean continueSettling(boolean deferCallbacks) {
if (mDragState == STATE_SETTLING) {
//是否滚动结束
boolean keepGoing = mScroller.computeScrollOffset();
//当前滚动值
final int x = mScroller.getCurrX();
final int y = mScroller.getCurrY();
//偏移量
final int dx = x - mCapturedView.getLeft();
final int dy = y - mCapturedView.getTop();
//便宜操作
if (dx != 0) {
ViewCompat.offsetLeftAndRight(mCapturedView, dx);
}
if (dy != 0) {
ViewCompat.offsetTopAndBottom(mCapturedView, dy);
}
//回调
if (dx != 0 || dy != 0) {
mCallback.onViewPositionChanged(mCapturedView, x, y, dx, dy);
}
//滚动结束状态
if (!keepGoing) {
if (deferCallbacks) {
mParentView.post(mSetIdleRunnable);
} else {
setDragState(STATE_IDLE);
}
}
}
return mDragState == STATE_SETTLING;
}
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在我们的View中
override fun computeScroll() {
super.computeScroll()
if (dragHelper?.continueSettling(true) == true) {
invalidate()
}
}
以上,就是ViewDragHelper的实现原理和使用方式
override fun computeScroll() {
super.computeScroll()
if (dragHelper?.continueSettling(true) == true) {
invalidate()
}
}
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以上,就是ViewDragHelper的实现原理和使用方式
总结
ViewDragHelper本质上是对MotionEvent的分析及处理,并提供了一系列的监听回调方法,来帮助我们减轻开发负担,更为方便地处理控件的滑动拖拽逻辑;
是不是觉得很简单,一起加油,各位老铁们;